Cataract Surgery

Purpose and method

The definitive treatment for cataract is surgical removal of the clouded natural lens and implantation of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The modern approach is based on phacoemulsification through a micro-incision, without large cuts and usually without stitches.

For the condition, its stages and alternative timing strategies, see the cataract section — here we focus on the surgical procedure itself and the postoperative flow.

The procedure takes place in a sterile surgical environment with safety protocols; the patient is given an explanation of the steps before entering the operating room and how to cooperate during the procedure.

Preoperative assessment

Before surgery, biometry and astigmatism assessment are completed so the power and type of IOL can be selected. In selected cases, corneal topography / Pentacam is used for more precise planning.

General health, medications (anticoagulants, alpha-blockers, etc.) and other eye conditions (glaucoma, macular degeneration) are taken into account in the comprehensive check-up and in counselling before the surgery date.

You will receive specific instructions on fasting, stopping or continuing medications, and eyelid hygiene in the days before surgery — do not change your medication on your own without medical guidance.

The day of surgery

The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia (eye drops); the patient is awake, cooperates with brief instructions, and general anaesthesia is not required in the majority of cases.

Through a small incision the clouded lens is fragmented and removed (phaco), then the IOL is implanted. Duration is typically around 15–20 minutes per eye in standard cases, with no hospital stay.

During the procedure you may feel pressure, light or moisture; pain is not considered normal and should be reported immediately. Positioning and controlling head movement help ensure the safety of the procedure.

• Same-day discharge from the surgical centre after a check
• Temporary blurring or light sensitivity in the first hours — as advised
• A companion for the journey home is recommended on the day of surgery

A protective shield or other aid may be given temporarily; follow the instructions for removal and hand hygiene exactly.

Checking intraocular pressure and IOL position at the postoperative visit is essential; the results are discussed with you so you understand the recovery course and any temporary fluctuations in vision.

After surgery

Eye drops and written instructions are given for hygiene, protection from rubbing, and the schedule of follow-up visits. Improvement in vision is often noticeable within hours to days, depending on the pre-existing density of the cataract and any other conditions.

Final refractive stabilisation and the need for glasses are reassessed at refraction and eyeglasses prescription after healing; expectations depend on the type of IOL and astigmatism.

Driving and strenuous physical activity resume gradually; the timing is individualised and noted in the written instructions. Avoid rubbing the eye, swimming and exposure to dust until permitted.

Risks and when to call

As with any surgery, rare complications exist (infection, macular oedema, retinal detachment, IOL displacement, etc.); the overall risk–benefit picture is described in the cataract section and discussed personally.

In case of a marked change in vision, pain that does not subside, significant redness or pus, contact us immediately according to the emergency instructions you were given.

Recurrent capsule clouding (PCO) and YAG laser

Months or years later, clouding of the posterior capsule (PCO) may occur; this is not a "new cataract of the lens" but a separate condition. It is usually treated with YAG laser capsulotomy at the practice.

Distinguishing between residual cataract, oedema and PCO is done clinically — do not assume the cause of blurring after surgery on your own.

Second eye and appointments

When both eyes are scheduled, the second surgery is arranged a short time after the first, following clinical judgement and assessment of tolerance.

Between the two procedures, use the glasses or correction recommended for monocular vision to reduce the risk of accidents and fatigue.

For an overview of all options: services; for questions and appointments: contact.